| Abbreviation | Full Form | Description |
| 3D | Three-Dimensional | A representation of a physical object in three dimensions. |
| AAA | Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting | A security framework that provides authentication, authorization, and accounting services for network users. |
| AARP | AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol | A protocol that is used to resolve AppleTalk addresses to Ethernet addresses. |
| ABAC | Attribute-Based Access Control | An access control model that uses attributes to determine whether a user is authorized to access a resource. |
| ABI | Application Binary Interface | A specification that defines how a software application interacts with the operating system and other software applications. |
| ACL | Access Control List | A list of rules that define who is allowed to access a resource and what they are allowed to do with it. |
| ACPI | Advanced Configuration and Power Interface | A standard that defines how operating systems and hardware devices interact with each other to manage power consumption. |
| AD | Active Directory | A directory service that is used to manage users, computers, and other resources on a Windows network. |
| ADC | Analog-to-Digital Converter | A device that converts analog signals into digital signals. |
| ADSL | Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line | A broadband technology that uses telephone lines to provide high-speed Internet access. |
| AES | Advanced Encryption Standard | A symmetric encryption algorithm that is used to protect data from unauthorized access. |
| AGP | Accelerated Graphics Port | A bus interface that is used to connect graphics cards to motherboards. |
| AI | Artificial Intelligence | A field of computer science that deals with the creation of intelligent agents, which are systems that can reason, learn, and act autonomously. |
| AJAX | Asynchronous JavaScript and XML | A web development technique that uses asynchronous JavaScript and XML to create dynamic and interactive web pages. |
| ALU | Arithmetic Logic Unit | The part of the CPU that performs arithmetic and logical operations. |
| API | Application Program Interface | A set of rules that define how two software applications can communicate with each other. |
| APU | Accelerated Processing Unit | A hybrid processor that combines a CPU and a GPU on a single chip. |
| ARP | Address Resolution Protocol | A protocol that is used to resolve IP addresses to MAC addresses. |
| ARPANET | Advanced Research Projects Agency Network | The predecessor to the Internet. |
| ASIC | Application-Specific Integrated Circuit | A chip that is designed to perform a specific task. |
| ATM | Asynchronous Transfer Mode | A switching technique used in telecommunications networks. |
| ATX | Advanced Technology Extended | A form factor for motherboards that was developed by Intel. |
| AU | Audio Unit | A type of audio plugin that is used in digital audio workstations. |
| AutoHotkey | A free, open-source scripting language that can be used to automate tasks on Windows computers. | |
| Automator | A macOS automation tool that allows users to create scripts to automate tasks. | |
| BIOS | Basic Input/Output System | A program that provides a low-level interface between the hardware and the operating system. |
| BMP | Bitmap Image File | A file format that is used to store images. |
| BNC | Bayonet Neill-Concelman | A type of connector that is used to connect coaxial cables. |
| Bootloader | A program that is responsible for loading the operating system into memory. | |
| BPO | Business Process Outsourcing | The practice of contracting out business processes to a third-party provider. |
| Bps | Bits per Second | A unit of data transfer rate. |
| BRI | Basic Rate Interface | A type of ISDN service that provides two bearer channels and one signaling channel. |
| BSS | Base Station Subsystem | The part of a cellular network that is responsible for communicating with mobile devices. |
| BTU | British Thermal Unit | A unit of heat energy. |
| Cache | A high-speed memory that is used to store frequently accessed data. | |
| CAD | Computer-Aided Design | A software application that is used to create and modify engineering and architectural drawings. |
| CAM | Computer-Aided Manufacturing | A software application that is used to generate instructions for computer-controlled manufacturing machines. |
| CAPEX | Capital Expenditure | The money that a company spends on long-term assets, such as property and equipment. |
| CAS | Content-Addressable Memory | A type of memory that allows data to be retrieved by its content, rather than its address. |
| CASE | Computer-Aided Software Engineering | A software development methodology that uses software tools to automate tasks and improve the quality of the development process. |
| CAT | Computerized Axial Tomography | A medical imaging technique that uses X-rays to create cross-sectional images of the body. |
| CBFM | Code-Based Fault Modeling | A technique for testing software by generating test cases based on the code. |
| CC | Cyclic Code | A type of error-correcting code that is used to detect and correct errors in data transmission. |
| CCD | Charge-Coupled Device | A type of image sensor that is used in digital cameras and other electronic devices. |
| CCleaner | A free, open-source system utility that can be used to clean and optimize Windows computers. | |
| CDN | Content Delivery Network | A network of servers that are distributed around the world to deliver content to users with high performance and availability. |
| CD-ROM | Compact Disc-Read Only Memory | A storage medium that can be used to store and distribute data, such as software applications, music, and video. |
| CGI | Common Gateway Interface | A standard for interfacing web servers with external applications. |
| GHz | Gigahertz | A unit of frequency equal to one billion hertz. |
| GPU | Graphics Processing Unit | A specialized processor that is designed to accelerate graphics processing. |
| GUI | Graphical User Interface | A user interface that uses graphical elements such as icons, windows, and menus. |
| HCI | Human-Computer Interaction | A field of computer science that deals with the design and implementation of interactive computer systems. |
| HDMI | High-Definition Multimedia Interface | A standard for connecting digital audio and video devices. |
| HDD | Hard Disk Drive | A storage device that uses magnetic storage media to store data. |
| HTML | HyperText Markup Language | A markup language that is used to create web pages. |
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol | A protocol that is used to transfer web pages between a server and a client. |
| HTTPS | HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure | A secure version of the HTTP protocol that uses SSL/TLS to encrypt data. |
| IDE | Integrated Drive Electronics | A standard for connecting storage devices to computers. |
| IEEE | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers | A professional organization that develops standards for the electronics industry. |
| IIS | Internet Information Services | A web server that is developed by Microsoft. |
| IMAP | Internet Message Access Protocol | A protocol that is used to access email messages on a remote server. |
| IP | Internet Protocol | A protocol that is used to identify and locate devices on the Internet. |
| ISP | Internet Service Provider | A company that provides Internet access to individuals and businesses. |
| IT | Information Technology | The use of computers and other digital technologies to store, retrieve, transmit, and manipulate data. |
| JVM | Java Virtual Machine | A software application that is responsible for executing Java bytecode. |
| Kbps | Kilobits per Second | A unit of data transfer rate equal to one thousand bits per second. |
| KVM | Kernel-based Virtual Machine | A virtualization technology that allows multiple virtual machines to run on a single physical machine. |
| LAN | Local Area Network | A network that connects computers and other devices in a limited geographical area. |
| LED | Light-Emitting Diode | A type of display device that is used in televisions, computer monitors, and other electronic devices. |
| Linux | A free and open-source operating system that is based on the Unix kernel. | |
| MAC | Media Access Control | A protocol layer that is responsible for controlling access to a network medium. |
| Mbps | Megabits per Second | A unit of data transfer rate equal to one million bits per second. |
| MBps | Megabytes per Second | A unit of data transfer rate equal to one million bytes per second. |
| MBR | Master Boot Record | A sector on a hard drive that contains information about the disk’s partitions and the bootloader. |
| MCP | Measurement Control Plan | A document that describes the methods that will be used to measure the quality of a product or service. |
| MHz | Megahertz | A unit of frequency equal to one million hertz |
| MIDI | Musical Instrument Digital Interface | A standard for interfacing electronic musical instruments with computers. |
| MIMO | Multiple-Input Multiple-Output | A wireless technology that uses multiple antennas to improve data transfer rates and reliability. |
| MIR | Megatransfer Rate | A unit of data transfer rate equal to one million megabits per second. |
| MIPS | Millions of Instructions per Second | A unit of performance for computer processors. |
| Modem | Modulator-Demodulator | A device that converts digital signals into analog signals and analog signals into digital signals. |
| MOSFET | Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor | A type of transistor that is used in many electronic devices, including computers. |
| Motherboard | The main circuit board in a computer. It contains the CPU, memory, and other important components. | |
| MPEG | Moving Picture Experts Group | A family of standards for compressing and transmitting video and audio data. |
| MS Office | Microsoft Office | A suite of productivity software applications that includes Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook. |
| MS-DOS | Microsoft Disk Operating System | An early operating system that was developed by Microsoft. |
| MTBF | Mean Time Between Failures | A measure of the reliability of a component or system. |
| MTU | Maximum Transmission Unit | The largest amount of data that can be transmitted in a single packet. |
| MVC | Model-View-Controller | A software design pattern that separates the user interface, the data model, and the application logic into three separate components. |
| MySQL | An open-source relational database management system. | |
| NAND | Not AND | A type of flash memory that is used in many electronic devices, including computers and smartphones. |
| NAS | Network Attached Storage | A device that provides file storage over a network. |
| NAT | Network Address Translation | A technique that can be used to allow multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address. |
| NFC | Near Field Communication | A wireless technology that allows devices to communicate with each other over short distances. |
| NIC | Network Interface Card | A device that allows a computer to connect to a network. |
| NIO | Non-blocking I/O | A programming technique that allows applications to perform input and output operations without blocking. |
| NVRAM | Non-Volatile RAM | A type of memory that retains its data even when the power is turned off. |
| OCR | Optical Character Recognition | A technology that allows computers to recognize text in images. |
| OEM | Original Equipment Manufacturer | A company that manufactures products for other companies. |
| OLAP | Online Analytical Processing | A technology that allows users to analyze large amounts of data quickly and easily. |
| OLED | Organic Light-Emitting Diode | A type of display device that is used in televisions, computer monitors, and other electronic devices. |
| OS | Operating System | A software program that manages the computer’s hardware and resources. |
| OSI | Open Systems Interconnection | A model for networking that was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). |
| OTP | One-Time Password | A password that is only valid for a single use. |
| PAM | Pluggable Authentication Module | A framework that allows authentication modules to be plugged into an application. |
| PCI | Peripheral Component Interconnect | A bus standard that is used to connect peripheral devices to computers. |
| PDF | Portable Document Format | A file format that is used to create and share documents that retain their original formatting. |
| PKI | Public Key Infrastructure | A system that uses cryptography to secure electronic communications and transactions. |
| PNG | Portable Network Graphics | A file format that is used to store raster images. |
| PoE | Power over Ethernet | A technology that allows power to be delivered to devices over Ethernet cables. |
| POST | Power-On Self-Test | A series of tests that are performed by a computer when it is turned on. |
| PPM | Pay Per Impression | A type of online advertising where advertisers pay each time their ad is displayed. |
| PPP | Point-to-Point Protocol | A protocol that is used to establish a point-to-point connection between two devices. |
| RAID | Redundant Array of Independent Disks | A technology that combines multiple hard drives into a single logical unit to improve performance and reliability. |
| RAM | Random Access Memory | The part of the computer’s memory that can be read and written to. |
| ROM | Read-Only Memory | The part of the computer’s memory that can only be read from. |
| RSA | Rivest-Shamir-Ad | |
| SaaS | Software as a Service | A software delivery model in which software is hosted in the cloud and accessed by users over the Internet. |
| SAML | Security Assertion Markup Language | An XML-based standard for exchanging authentication and authorization data between applications. |
| SATA | Serial ATA | A standard for connecting storage devices to computers. |
| SCADA | Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition | A system for monitoring and controlling industrial processes. |
| SCSI | Small Computer System Interface | A standard for connecting peripheral devices to computers. |
| SD Card | Secure Digital Card | A removable storage card that is used in digital cameras, smartphones, and other electronic devices. |
| SDRAM | Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory | A type of DRAM that is synchronized with the system clock. |
| SEO | Search Engine Optimization | The process of optimizing a website to improve its ranking in search engine results pages (SERPs). |
| Server | A computer that provides services to other computers on a network. | |
| SLA | Service Level Agreement | A contract between a customer and a service provider that specifies the level of service that will be provided. |
| SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | A protocol that is used to send email messages. |
| SNMP | Simple Network Management Protocol | A protocol that is used to monitor and manage network devices. |
| SSH | Secure Shell | A protocol that provides secure remote access to a computer. |
| SSD | Solid State Drive | A storage device that uses flash memory to store data. |
| TCP/IP | Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol | A suite of protocols that are used to communicate over the Internet. |
| TLS | Transport Layer Security | A protocol that provides secure communication over a network. |
| TPM | Trusted Platform Module | A hardware security module that can be used to protect data and systems from unauthorized access. |
| UART | Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter | A chip that is used to transmit and receive serial data. |
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol | A protocol that is used to send datagrams over a network. |
| USB | Universal Serial Bus | A port that is used to connect devices such as printers, scanners, and external hard drives to computers. |
| UX | User Experience | The overall experience that a user has when interacting with a product or service. |
| VPN | Virtual Private Network | A network that creates a secure connection between two devices over a public network. |
| VLAN | Virtual Local Area Network | A network that segments a LAN into multiple logical networks. |
| VoIP | Voice over IP | A technology that allows voice calls to be made over the Internet. |
| VRAM | Video RAM | A type of RAM that is used to store graphics data. |
| WAN | Wide Area Network | A network that connects computers and other devices over a large geographical area. |
| Web Server | A computer that hosts websites. | |
| XML | Extensible Markup Language | A markup language that is used to store and exchange data. |
| YAML | YAML Ain’t Markup Language | A human-readable data serialization language. |
| ZFS | Zettabyte File System | A file system that was originally developed by Sun Microsystems and is now open-source. |
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