Saturday, March 15, 2025
Home Blog Page 25

UP PGT Physics Syllabus in English & Hindi PDF Download [2021]




UP PGT Physics Syllabus in English 2021: Before we begin our preparation for any exam, it is very important to know about its complete Syllabus and Exam Pattern to prepare well for that exam. Download UP PGT Physics Syllabus in english and Hindi PDF 2021.

UP PGT Physics syllabus in English PDF
UP PGT Physics Syllabus in English PDF

UP PGT Physics Syllabus in English pdf

  1. Mechanics:

Units and Dimension

  • Calculation of vectors with reference to the international unit method(Addition,  subtraction, multiplication)
  • Gradient
  •  divergence and curl
  •  centre of mass
  •  linear momentum
  •  Torque
  •  angular momentum
  •  Conservation laws
  •  centripetal force and acceleration
  •  Central forces
  •  conservative forces
  •  potential energy 
  • Gravitational potential and field due to a uniform spherical shell and solid sphere
  •  motion under Inverse Square Law
  •  Kepler’s law
  •  Projectile
  •  motion of satellites
  •  rotatory motion
  •  angular acceleration
  •  definition of inertia with physical significance



Elasticity

  • Stress and strain
  •  Hooke’s law
  •  elastic  constants and their relations 
  • Bending of beams
  •  Torsion of cylinders

 Surface tension

  •  molecular theory of surface tension
  •  adhesive and Cohesive force
  •  surface energy
  •  capillary action
  •  angle of  contact
  •  excess pressure
  •  shape of meniscus 

Viscosity

  •  ideal fluids
  •  equation of continuity
  •  streamline flow
  •  Bernoulli’s theorem 
  • Viscous fluids
  •  coefficient of viscosity
  •  poiseuille’s equation
  • Stoke’s law



 Thermal physics

Thermodynamics –

  • Thermodynamics system
  •  Thermodynamic Equilibrium
  •  thermodynamics state
  •  isothermal and adiabatic process
  •  concept of temperature
  •  heat and work
  •  thermal process
  •  first law of Thermodynamics and internal energy
  •  Joule’s law
  •  application of law
  • Carnot cycle
  •  carnot engine and refrigerator 
  • Absolute scale of temperature and carnot’s theorem
  • Second law of thermodynamics

 kinetic theory of gas

  • Maxwell-Boltzmann  law of distribution of molecular velocity
  •  evaluation of r.m.s  velocity
  •  average velocity and most probable velocity and pressure exerted by gas
  •  law of equipartition of energy
  •  mean free path transport phenomena
  •  van der waals equation

 conduction of heat

  •  steady state
  •  thermal conductivity
  •  fourier equation for one dimensional heat flow
  • Conductivity of bad conductors



 Radiation

  •   radiation as electromagnetic waves
  •   emissive and  absorptive powers
  •  radiation in hollow enclosure
  •  black body radiation
  •  kirchoff’s Law
  •  intensity and energy density
  •  pressure and energy density
  •  Newton’s law of cooling
  •  stefan’s constant
  • Stefan-Boltzmann;s Law
  • Solar constant and temperature of sun
  •  distribution of energy in the spectrum of blackbody radiation
  • wien’s distribution law
  • Wein’s displacement law
  • Rayleigh-Jeans Law
  • Planck’s Law

Geometrical Optics:

  • fermat’s principle and its application
  • Cardinal Points of coaxial optical systems and Combination of their lenses
  •  lens aberration
  •  achromatism of prism and lenses
  •  Eye places
  • Aplantism 
  •  field of view and depth of field
  •  magnifying power of telescope and microscope
  •  R. power of eye
  •  dispersive power of prism

 physical optics

  •  interference: condition for observing interference
  •  temporal and spatial coherence
  •  young’s double slit experiment
  • Determination of wavelength by measuring fringe width
  • Spontaneous and stimulated emission basic ideas about laser emission
  •  Ruby andHe-Ne lasers as example



Diffraction

  •  fresnel and fraunhofer classes
  • Simple applications of diffraction phenomena observed in nature
  •  resolving power of prism
  •  Rayleigh criteria

Polarization

  •  unpolarized, polarized and partially polarized light
  •  linearly  polarised light – its production and detection
  • Polarisation of reflection
  • Brewster’s Law
  •  law of malus
  •  double refraction of uniaxial crystals
  •  nicol prism
  •  Polaroids
  • Huygen’s  theory of double refraction
  • Fresnel’s  theory of optical rotation
  • specific rotation and optical activity
  • Polarimeter

Photometry

  • Flux measurement of intensity of light
  • L-B Photometer, Lambert’s sunshine law

Wave Motion-

  • Wave Motion and its characteristics
  •  phase and phase difference
  • S.H.M its characteristics and applications( Simple Pendulum, spring L-C circuit)
  •  Damped motion
  •  Resonance 
  • progressive wave
  • Partide velocity and wave velocity
  • principle of super position
  •  Beats
  •  stationary waves
  •  reflection of plane wave at a discontinuity
  •  motion on a string
  •  melde’s experiment
  • Organ pipes
  •  Ultrasonic waves
  •  Doppler’s Effect
  •  velocity of sound

 Electrostatics



  •  electrostatic induction
  •  Coulamb’s Law
  • Gauss’s Law
  • Electric field and potential
  • Potential field due to a dipole
  • Elementary idea of multipoles
  • Displacement and polarization vectors
  • Lorentz  electrical field
  •  different kinds of Polarizability
  • Parallel plate and spherical condensers
  •  parallel and series combination of condensers
  •  energy of condenser

Magnetostatics

  • Ampere’s law
  • Biot and Savort’s Law
  • Magnetic field due to circular loop and solenoid
  • Helmholtz’s Coil
  • Magnetic momenty
  • Magnetic materials and magnetisation
  • Model of magnetism
  • Magnetic susceptibility

Electrical Currents

  • Drift velocity
  • Ohm’s law
  • Conduction of a current in a wire
  • Kirchoff’s law
  • Series and parallel combination of resistances
  • Specific resistance
  • Wheatstone bridge
  • Meter bridge E.M.F. Carey-Foster Bridge
  • Potentiometer
  • Primary and secondary cell
  • Heating effect of current 
  • Conversion of Galvanometer into voltmeter and Ammeter

Electromagnetism

  • Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic Induction
  • Displacement current 
  • Self and mutual inductance Doubled circuits
  • Transformer
  • Methods of Network Analysis
  • Anderson Bridge
  • Eddy Current



Magnetism

  • Lorentz’s Force
  • Motion of a charge in a magnetic field
  • Magnetic Field due to a moving charge
  • Force in between two carrying straight wires
  • Force on a current carrying wire in a magnetic field

Alternative Current 

  • Behaviour of L.C. and R. in A.C. circuits L.C.R. circuits
  • Resonance
  • Quality factor
  • Power factor
  • Choke coil
  • Wattless current

Thermionic Tubes

  • Thermionic emission
  • Richardson’s equation
  • Diode
  • space charge limited current child’s law
  • Half and full wave rectifier and filters
  • Triode and its characteristic curves
  • Triode constants
  • Amplifier
  • Oscillator principle of image transmission
  • Television
  • CRO
  • Solid State Electronics
  • Modulator and Detector

Photoelectric Effect

  • Einstein’s Photo electric equation
  • Work function and Threshold  Frequency
  • Photon
  • Photovoltaic cell

Modern Physics

  • Bohr’s theory of Hydrogen Atom
  • Energy levels
  • Ionisation Potential
  • Absorption and Emission Solar Spectrum
  • Luminescence
  • X-Ray spectra
  • Radioactivity
  • Half time
  • Mass defect and Binding energy
  • Artificial Transmutation
  • Fission and Fusion
  • Elementary particles
  • Nuclear Reactors



Check Other Syllabus Of UP PGT TGT 2021:




CBSE Class 12th Result 2021 Date and Time- Latest Updates

Here are the latest updates on CBSE class 12th result 2021

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) conducts class 12th board exams for more than a million students annually. In 2021, CBSE class 10th and 12th students had to face prolonged uncertainty on whether the board exams will be held or not. Further, exam cancellation raised concerns regarding the marking scheme. Now, students are anxiously waiting for the CBSE class 12th result 2021. 

When the Education Minister, Dharmendra Pradhan was asked for the exact date of result declaration, he remarked that the process is still underway. Media reports suggest that the CBSE class 12th result 2021 would be released well before 31st July. The Supreme Court had earlier directed all the boards to declare their results before July end. It means students can expect their results this week. While the results season is always the most stressful time for students, corona made it even worse. Looking at the previous year’s trends, the board may declare class 12th results a day or two before class 10th results.



Expected CBSE class 12th result 2021 date and time

CBSE had provided an extended window to schools for submitting class 12 student’s compiled marks which ended on 25th July. Media reports claim that the moderation work is also concluded. CBSE result publishing website layout was modified on 26th July suggesting final stage preparations. It indicates that the board may publish the result anytime now. As far as the time of result declaration is concerned, the results are usually published after 11 AM. Board officials advise students to keep visiting CBSE’s official website and its Twitter page for the latest update. If the trend is followed, the Minister of Education would officially declare the results and the links will be activated thereafter.

How can you check the CBSE 12th result 2021?

Students will get a direct link on the board’s official website to check CBSE 12th result 2021. The official websites are as follows:

After the results get published, you can log on to cbseresults.nic.in and click on the provided link. Fill in your credentials to view your result and print it. 



Besides, there are several other ways through which you can get your CBSE class 12th result 2021. You can log in to your DigiLocker account through its portal or mobile application and download your marksheet directly from its ‘Education’ section. You can also get your Passing Certificate, Marksheet, and other associated certificates through this portal. However, Students will need to collect their original marksheets from their schools.

The board has decided to facilitate the results to the students through IVRS and SMS services. You can also access your marks through the UMANG mobile application. You will need a registered account and valid sign-in credentials to access your CBSE class 12th result 2021 through these apps.

The Expected pass percentage for CBSE class 12th result

The percentage of passing students increased from 83.40% in 2019 to 88.78% in 2020. This year the results are based on internal assessment and previous year performances thus, the expected pass percentage for CBSE class 12th result is even higher. The pass percentage for CBSE class 12th result may also reach 99%, at par with several state boards.



Some other CBSE 12th result 2021 updates 

There are various other CBSE 12th result 2021 updates relevant to the students. These are as follows:

  • CBSE will only issue the Hard copies of Migration Certificates to students who demand for it.
  • Duplicate copies of academic documents can be procured online from the Duplicate Academic Document System (DADS) portal.
  • CBSE has announced the provision of optional exams for students who are unsatisfied with their scores through the alternative assessment scheme. The optional exams can be expected to hold between 15 August and 15 September.
  • If any school fails to follow CBSE’s moderation policy, their results will be declared separately.

Stay tuned with us for further updates on the CBSE class 12th result 2021. Connect with us for other academic and career updates.



SSC CGL New Exam Date 2021 Out – Exam in August 2021 Check dates Now

SSC CGL 2020-21 Exam New Dates

SSC CGL new Exam date 2021 is scheduled from 13th August 2021 to 24th August 2021. So now just work vary hard and give your 100% to score good marks in this exam. SSC CHSL 2020 Exam for left over candidates is scheduled from 04th August 2021 – 12th August 2021. SSC CPO 2020 exam will be held on 27th July 2021. All the best for your exams. !! Jai Hind !!

SSC CGL 2020 Exam Tier 1 will be held in August 2021 - (13th August 21 - 24th August 21)

As per the recent official notification released by the Staff Selection Commission(SSC), regarding some of the Govt. Exams exams which were scheduled in May-June 2021. As per The Prior notice SSC CGL exam 2020 was scheduled from 29 May 2021- 7 June 2021, but it has been postponed now due to the prevailing situations all around the country. New SSC CGL 2021 Exam Dates will be shared soon.

SSC has also postponed the SSC CHSL 2020 exam which was scheduled from 21 april 2021 to 27 april 2021, this exam will also be conducted after further notice from SSC.

SSC has also postoned the Notification for the SSC GD Constable exam 2021 which was supposed to be released in the first week of may 2021, but the commission has postponed the release of its Notification due to pandemic.

The new dates for the conduct of SSC Examinations for SSC CGL, SSC CHSL 2020 will be declared by the Staff Selection Commission later on its official website ssc.nic.in.

Fresh dates of postponed examinations and notification of examination will be announced by the Commission in due course after assessing the situation. so, kindly visit the official website of SSC for further details and notices.

UPSC CDS Previous Year Question Papers Download[2014-2021]



Download UPSC CDS Previous Year Papers

UPSC CDS Exam 2021 : The Combined Defence Services Examination is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission for recruitment of Commissioned Officers in the Indian Military Academy, Officers Training Academy, Indian Naval Academy and Indian Air Force Academy. UPSC CDS exam is conducted twice in a year the first phase of CDS(I) exam recruitment for the year 2021 was conducted on February 7, 2021 and  CDS II 2021 will be conducted on November 14 2021. so the candidates were preparing for the second phase of CDS exam 2021 should start their preparation and focus on practice and solving CDS previous year question papers 2021. candidates can download UPSC NDA previous year question papers for the years 2014-2021 from this Article below.

As we can see that the competition is increasing day by day in every competitive exam so the candidates who are preparing for CDS 2021, should plan very well to complete their CDS syllabus before the exam and should supplement their Preparation with the previous year papers of CDS to know the difficulty level of the exam. if you know the difficulty level of any exam, you can prepare your mind very well to perform well in that exam. Therefore it is always advisable to read the given syllabus very well and practice previous year’s papers as much as you can.



UPSC CDS Exam 2021 : Overview

Conducted BodyUnion Public Service Commission (UPSC)
Name of the ExamCombined Defence Service(CDS)
Level of ExamNational
Frequency of ExamTwice in a year (NDA I and II)
Number of Papers3 Papers – Elementary Maths, English, General Knowledge (For IMA, INA, AFA)
2 Papers – English, General Knowledge (OTA)
Mode of ExamOffline
Duration of Exam2 hrs for each paper
Max MarksIMA, INA and AFA- 300 Marks
OTA- 200 Marks
Selection ProcessWritten Test and SSB Interview
Official Websiteupsc.gov.in



UPSC NDA Previous Year Questions Papers



Other Articles :



IB ACIO Previous Year Question Papers-2021



IB ACIO Previous Year Question Papers 2021: Check IB ACIO Answer key 2021 published by the commission. the IB ACIO Exam 2021 Exam was conducted from February 18, 2021, to February 20, 2021. IB ACIO Exam was held in 3 shifts every day.

we have shared IB ACIO Previous year question papers in this post to help you ace this exam. Previous year papers develops an understanding and makes you clear about the pattern of the examination. If you solve previous year papers regularly you get a clear vision about the important topics that are asked in the exam frequently and you can make those topics very strong by practicing these papers. you can Download IB ACIO Previous year papers 2021 from the links given below.



IB ACIO 2021 Previous Year Question Papers

Exam Date Shift 1Shift 2Shift 3
IB ACIO 18 Feb 2021DownloadDownloadDownload
IB ACIO 19 Feb 2021DownloadDownloadDownload
IB ACIO 20 Feb 2021DownloadDownloadDownload



CBSE Class 12 evaluation criteria 2021: CBSE Finalises Marking Scheme, Final Result expected by 31 July



CBSE Class 12 evaluation Criteria 2021: The Central Board of Secondary Education(CBSE) presented a proposal for the evaluation criteria of Class 12th Students after their board exams have been canceled this year due to pandemic.

As per the Final marking scheme of class 12th students, they will be assessed on the basis of their performance in the previous classes. The Assessement will be done on the basis of marks secured by students in classes 10th, 11th and 12th.

The CBSE class 12 evaluation scheme 2021 will have following three parts:

  • Class 10 component (30% weightage ) – based on best 3 performing subjects in Board exams.
  • Class 11 component (30% weightage ) – based on the final exam.
  • Class 12 component (40% weightage) – based on unit test/mid-term/Pre-boards.



CBSE students who are not satisfied with the evaluation criteria can take up their class 12th Board examination when the pandemic situation becomes conducive to hold examinations. This is as per the latest news about class 12 board exams 2021.



Other Articles:



Indian Polity GK Quiz-2 for SSC CGL- Daily GK Quiz

Attempt Indian Polity GK Quiz for different competitive exams like SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC CPO, DSSSB, FCI, UPSSSC, CPO, CDS etc. Daily GK Quiz for SSC, competitive exams.




[WpProQuiz 4]





Indian Polity GK Quiz-1 for SSC CGL- Daily GK Quiz

Attempt Indian Polity GK Quiz for different competitive exams like SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC CPO, DSSSB, FCI, UPSSSC, CPO, CDS etc. Daily GK Quiz for SSC, competitive exams.




[WpProQuiz 1]





Ancient History GK Quiz -1 for SSC CGL [June 2021]



[WpProQuiz 2]





List of Bird Sanctuaries in India PDF

here is the list of important Bird Sanctuaries in India, download for different competitive exams like SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC CPO, UPSC CSE etc.

Name of Bird Sanctuaries StateArea Occupied
Nelapattu Bird SanctuaryAndhra Pradesh404 km2
Pulicat Lake Bird SanctuaryTamil Nadu481 km2
Ranganthittu Bird SanctuaryKarnataka0.67 km2
Sultanpur Bird SanctuaryHaryana1.42 km2
Salim Ali Bird SanctuaryGoa1.8 km2
Vedanthaangal Bird SanctuaryTamil Nadu0.3 km2
Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary/Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National ParkRajasthan29 km2
Chilka Lake Bird SanctuaryOdisha1100 km2
Kumarakom Bird SanctuaryKerala0.056 km2
Ghatprabha Bird SanctuaryKarnataka29.78 km2
Mayani Bird SanctuaryMaharashtrakm2
Nal Sarovar Bird SanctuaryGujarat120 km2
Kaundinya Bird SanctuaryAndhra Pradesh358 km2

Check Other Useful Articles also :